Thermal blankets

ABSTRACT

Among other things, the disclosure features a thermal blanket including a unitary fabric element having predetermined discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities arranged based on insulative needs of corresponding regions of a user&#39;s body. In one or more first discrete regions of the unitary fabric element, one of the predetermined discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities consists of loop yarn having a first pile height, and in one or more other discrete regions of the unitary fabric element, another one of the predetermined discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities consists of loop yarn having another pile height different from and relatively greater than the first pile height. The unitary fabric element comprises fibers having an axial core surrounded by a multiplicity of radially extending, axially-elongated whiskers, separated by axially-extending grooves.

PRIORITY

This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Ser. No. 13/464,463, filed May 4, 2012, now pending, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Ser. No. 12/817,756, filed Jun. 17, 2010, now pending, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/263,960, filed on Nov. 24, 2009, now expired, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/334,248, filed on May 13, 2010, now expired; and U.S. Ser. No. 13/464,463 (mentioned above) is also a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Ser. No. 13/239,605, filed Sep. 22, 2011, now pending, which is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/815,178, filed Jun. 14, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,028,386, issued Oct. 4, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/569,041, filed Nov. 13, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,743,476, issued Jun. 29, 2010, which claims benefit from International Application No. PCT/US2005/022479, filed Jun. 23, 2005, now expired, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/582,674, filed Jun. 24, 2004, now expired, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/605,563, filed Aug. 30, 2004, now expired, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/626,191 filed Nov. 9, 2004, now expired, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/682,695, filed May 19, 2005, now expired.

This application is also a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Ser. No. 13/717,912, filed Dec. 18, 2012, now pending, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/587,299, filed Jan. 17, 2012, now expired.

The entire disclosures of all of the above-referenced applications are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to thermal blankets, and more particularly to thermal blankets that include a unitary engineered thermal fabric.

BACKGROUND

Thermal layering in home textile articles, such as blankets and the like, is considered one of the more effective means for personal insulation available. However, layered fabrics typically add bulk, and it is often difficult to provide levels of insulation appropriate for all areas of a user's body, as different areas of the body have different sensitivities to temperature and different abilities to thermo-regulate, e.g., by sweating.

The same issues also appear in other products, such as upholstery covers, e.g. for home furnishings, for furniture in institutional and contract markets, such as for offices, hotels, conference centers, etc., and for seating in transportation vehicles, such as automobiles, trucks, trains, buses, etc.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, the disclosure features a thermal blanket comprising a unitary fabric element. The unitary fabric element has a multiplicity of predetermined discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities. The discrete regions are arranged based on insulative needs of corresponding regions of a user's body. At least two of the predetermined, discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities comprise, in one or more first discrete regions of the unitary fabric element, loop yarn having a first pile height, and in one or more other discrete regions of the unitary fabric element, loop yarn having another pile height different from and relatively greater than the first pile height. The unitary fabric element has fibers having an axial core surrounded by a multiplicity of radially extending, axially-elongated whiskers, separated by axially-extending grooves.

In another aspect, the disclosure features a thermal blanket comprising an inner fabric layer, an outer fabric layer, and an insulating fabric layer attached to the outer fabric layer. The insulating fabric layer is a textile fabric having a raised surface facing towards the outer fabric layer. The raised surface includes a plurality of first discrete regions having a first pile height interspersed among a plurality of other discrete regions having contrasting pile height relatively greater than the first pile height. The insulating fabric layer comprises fibers having an axial core surrounded by a multiplicity of radially extending, axially-elongated whiskers, separated by axially-extending grooves.

In another aspect, the disclosure features a thermal blanket comprising an inner fabric layer, an outer fabric layer, and a unitary fabric element between the inner fabric layer and the outer fabric layer. The unitary fabric element has a multiplicity of predetermined discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities. The discrete regions are arranged based on insulative needs of corresponding regions of a user's body. The unitary fabric layer comprises fibers having an axial core surrounded by a multiplicity of radially extending, axially-elongated whiskers, separated by axially-extending grooves.

Implementations of the one or more aspects may also include one or more of the following features. The fibers have a denier of about 0.3 dpf to about 10.0 dpf or about 1.5 dpf to about 10.0 dpf. The whiskers have an average length of up to about 200% of a diameter of the core. At least some regions of the predetermined discrete regions, or the one or more first discrete regions and the one or more other discrete regions, are formed of the fibers having the axial core surrounded by the multiplicity of radially extending, axially-elongated whiskers, separated by axially-extending grooves. The core comprises a polymer and the whiskers comprise another polymer, and the polymer of the core and/or the polymer of the whiskers comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6 (PA 6), PA 66, or any of the combinations. The fibers have about 3 to about 200 whiskers within a cross-sectional surface of the fibers. The axially-extending grooves are nanogrooves or microgrooves. The whiskers have an average radial length of about 2 nm to about 10 microns. The unitary fabric element or layer, or the insulating fabric layer, comprises a first surface region on a first surface and a second surface region on a second surface opposite to the first surface. The first surface region is smooth or raised, and the second surface region is raised. The first surface region and the second surface region incorporate the fibers, and the fibers incorporated in the second surface have a denier relatively greater than the denier of said fibers incorporated in the first surface. The thermal blanket consists essentially of the unitary fabric element.

In another aspect of the disclosure, the disclosure features a thermal blanket comprising a unitary fabric element having a multiplicity of predetermined discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities arranged based on insulative needs of corresponding regions of a user's body. At least two of the predetermined, discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities comprise, in one or more first discrete regions of the unitary fabric element, loop yarn having a first pile height, and in one or more other discrete regions of the unitary fabric element, loop yarn having another pile height different from and relatively greater than the first pile height. The one or more first discrete regions correspond to one or more regions of the user's body having first insulative needs, and the one or more other discrete regions correspond to one or more regions of the user's body having other insulative needs different from and relatively greater than the first insulative needs.

Implementations of one or more above aspects of the disclosure also include one or more of the following features. The thermal blanket consists essentially of the unitary fabric element. Additional unitary fabric elements are included in the thermal blanket. Each of the multiplicity of predetermined discrete regions extends generally across a width of the thermal blanket in a band form. The one or more first discrete regions correspond to one or more of an upper torso, head, and hip of the user's body. The one or more other discrete regions correspond to one or more of lower legs and feet, arms, and shoulders of the user's body. The unitary fabric element comprises a single face raised fabric and/or a double face raised fabric. The unitary fabric element comprises warp knit yarns and/or fibers, circular knit yarns and/or fibers, regular plaited yarns and/or fibers, reverse plaited yarns and/or fibers, or woven yarns and/or fibers. The unitary fabric element comprises a surface containing a chemical resin or a chemical binder for improved pilling resistance and/or abrasion resistance. An air permeability control element is laminated with the unitary fabric element to form a unitary fabric laminate. The air permeability control element is selected from the group consisting of: perforated membrane, crushed adhesive as a layer, foam adhesive as a layer, discontinuous breathable membrane, porous hydrophobic breathable film, and non-porous hydrophilic breathable film. An air and liquid water impermeable element is laminated with the unitary fabric element to form a unitary fabric laminate. The air and liquid water impermeable element is in the form of a breathable film select from the group consisting of: porous hydrophobic film and non-porous hydrophilic film. The unitary fabric element comprises yarns and/or fibers of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of: synthetic yarn and/or fibers, natural yarn and/or fibers, regenerate yarn and/or fibers, and specialty yarn and/or fibers. The synthetic yarn and/or fibers are selected from the group consisting of: polyester yarn and/or fibers, nylon yarn and/or fibers, acrylic yarn and/or fibers, polypropylene yarn and/or fibers, and continuous filament flat or textured or spun yarn made of synthetic staple fibers. The natural yarn and/or fibers are selected from the group consisting of: cotton yarn and/or fibers and wool yarn and/or fibers. The regenerate yarn and/or fibers are selected from the group consisting of: rayon yarn and/or fibers. The specialty yarn and/or fibers are selected from the group consisting of flame retardant yarn and/or fibers. The flame retardant yarn and/or fibers are selected from the group consisting of: flame retardant aramid yarn and/or fibers, and flame retardant polyester yarn and/or fibers. The one or more first discrete regions having a first pile height comprises loop yarn formed to a relatively lower pile using low sinker and/or shrinkable yarn. The one or more first discrete regions having a first pile height comprises loop yarn formed to a relatively lower pile height of up to about 1 mm. The one or more other discrete regions having another pile height different from and relatively greater than the first pile height comprises loop yarn formed to a relatively higher pile height in the range of greater than about 1 mm up to about 20 mm in a single face fabric. The one or more other discrete regions having another pile height different from and relatively greater than the first pile height comprises loop yarn formed to a relatively higher pile height in the range of greater than about 2 mm up to about 40 mm in a double face fabric.

In another aspect, the disclosure features a thermal blanket comprising an inner fabric layer, an outer fabric layer, and an insulating fabric layer attached to the outer fabric layer. The insulating fabric layer is a textile fabric having a raised surface facing towards the outer fabric layer. The raised surface includes a plurality of first discrete regions having a first pile height interspersed among a plurality of other discrete regions having contrasting pile height relatively greater than the first pile height.

Implementations of one or more above aspects of the disclosure may also include one or more of the following features. The insulating-filler fabric layer has a terry sinker loop surface including a plurality of discrete regions of no terry sinker loop interspersed among regions of terry sinker loop. The insulating fabric layer has a weight of about 1 ounce per square yard to about 12 ounces per square yard. The insulating-filler fabric layer is quilted to one or both of the inner fabric layer and the outer fabric layer. The insulating-filler fabric layer is stitched to one or both of the inner fabric layer and the outer fabric layer along a periphery of the thermal blanket. The insulating-filler fabric layer is laminated to one or both of the inner fabric layer and the outer fabric layer. The insulating-filler fabric layer is constructed to include face yarn that is positioned generally perpendicular to stitching or backing yarn. The insulating-filler fabric layer has a thickness (bulk) of about 0.1 inch to about 4.0 inches. The first pile height in the first discrete regions is zero. Yarns forming the first discrete regions are relatively finer that yarns forming the other discrete regions. Yarns forming the first discrete regions have a denier per filament (dpf) of about 0.3 to about 5.0. The insulating-filler fabric layer provides insulation of about 0.2 clo/oz² to about 1.6 clo/oz². The inner fabric layer comprises a woven fabric or a knit fabric. The knit fabric has single jersey construction, double knit construction, warp knit construction, or mesh construction. The inner fabric layer has air permeability of about 5 ft³/ft²/min to about 300 ft³/ft²/min, tested according to ASTM D-737 under a pressure difference of ½ inch of water across the inner fabric layer. The outer fabric layer has air permeability of about 1 ft³/ft²/min to about 100 ft³/ft²/min, tested according to ASTM D-737 under a pressure difference of ½ inch of water across the outer fabric layer. The outer fabric layer is treated with durable water repellent, an abrasion resistant coating, camouflage, or infrared radiation reduction. At least one of the inner fabric layer, the outer fabric layer, and the insulating-filler fabric layer includes flame-retardant material and/or is treated to provide flame-retardance. A waterproof membrane is laminated to an inner surface of the outer fabric layer, and disposed between the outer fabric layer and the insulating-filler fabric layer. The waterproof membrane is a vapor permeable membrane or is selected from a porous hydrophobic membrane, a hydrophilic non-porous membrane, and an electrospun membrane.

In another aspect, the disclosure features a thermal blanket comprising an inner fabric layer, an outer fabric layer, and a unitary fabric element between the inner fabric layer and the outer fabric layer. The unitary fabric element has a multiplicity of predetermined discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities. The discrete regions are arranged based on insulative needs of corresponding regions of a user's body. In some implementations, at least two of the predetermined, discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities comprise, in one or more first discrete regions of the unitary fabric element, loop yarn having a first pile height and/or a first pile density, the one or more first discrete regions corresponding to one or more regions of the user's body having first insulative needs, and in one or more other discrete regions of the unitary fabric element, loop yarn having a second pile height and/or a second pile density. The second pile height is different from and relatively greater than the first pile height and/or the second pile density is different from and relatively greater than the first pile density. The one or more other discrete regions correspond to one or more regions of the user's body having other insulative needs different from and relatively greater than the first insulative needs.

Implementations of one or more above aspects of the disclosure may also include one or more of the following features. The outer fabric layer comprises a jacquard pattern to be exposed as an exterior surface of the thermal blanket. The inner fabric layer and/or the outer fabric layer comprise a light weight woven or knit having a density of about 2 oz/yard² to about 6 oz/yard². The inner fabric layer and/or the outer fabric layer comprise a knit having a density of about 1.0 oz/yard² to about 10.0 oz/yard². The unitary fabric element is connected to the outer fabric layer and connected to the inner fabric layer by stitching or quilting. The inner layer comprises a multiplicity of predetermined discrete regions of contrasting (or otherwise different) insulative capacities corresponding to the multiplicity of predetermined discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities of the unitary fabric element. The multiplicity of predetermined discrete regions of the inner fabric comprises: in one or more in one or more first discrete regions of the inner fabric corresponding to the one or more first discrete regions of the unitary fabric element, loop yarn having a third pile height and/or a third pile density, and, in one or more other discrete regions of the inner fabric corresponding to the one or more other discrete regions of the unitary fabric element, loop yarn having a fourth pile height and/or a fourth pile density. The fourth pile height is different from and relatively greater than the third pile height, and/or the fourth pile density is different from and relatively greater than the third pile density. The outer layer comprises a multiplicity of predetermined discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities corresponding to the multiplicity of predetermined discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities of the unitary fabric element. The multiplicity of predetermined discrete regions of the outer fabric comprises: in one or more in one or more first discrete regions of the outer fabric corresponding to the one or more first discrete regions of the unitary fabric element, loop yarn having a third pile height and/or a third pile density, and, in one or more other discrete regions of the outer fabric corresponding to the one or more other discrete regions of the unitary fabric element, loop yarn having a fourth pile height and/or a fourth pile density. The fourth pile height is different from and relatively greater than the third pile height, and/or the fourth pile density is different from and relatively greater than the third pile density. The unitary fabric element has an air permeability of about 80 CMF to about 200 CMF in the one or more first discrete regions, and an air permeability of about 200 CMF to about 350 CMF in the one or more other discrete regions. Different regions of the thermal blanket have substantially the same permeability as the respective regions of the unitary fabric element. The loop yarn in different regions of the one or more second discrete regions of the unitary fabric element have different pile densities. The loop yarn in different regions of the one or more second discrete regions of the unitary fabric element have different pile densities. Different regions of the plurality of other discrete regions have different pile densities.

Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a representation of the surface of a unitary engineered thermal fabric formed with an intricate geometric pattern.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a unitary engineered thermal fabric, with regions of relatively high pile, regions of relatively low pile, and regions of no pile.

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic plan view of a thermal blanket with regions of contrasting insulative capacity and performance, arranged by body mapping concepts.

FIG. 3A is a diagrammatic top view of a segment of another thermal blanket with regions of contrasting insulative capacity and performance.

FIG. 4 is diagrammatic plan view of another thermal blanket with band-form regions of contrasting insulative capacity and performance.

FIG. 4A is a diagrammatic plan view of a segment of another thermal blanket with regions of contrasting insulative capacity and performance.

FIG. 5 is an end section view of a unitary engineered thermal fabric, with regions of relatively greater bulk, regions of no bulk, and regions of relatively lesser bulk on one surface.

FIG. 6 is an end section view of another unitary engineered thermal fabric, with regions of relatively greater bulk, regions of no bulk, and regions of relatively lesser bulk on both surfaces.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a segment of a circular knitting machine.

FIGS. 8-14 are sequential views of a cylinder latch needle in a reverse plaiting circular knitting process, e.g., for use in forming a unitary engineered thermal fabric.

FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic end section view of a tubular knit unitary engineered thermal fabric formed during knitting.

FIGS. 16 and 17 are diagrammatic end section views of unitary engineered thermal fabrics, finished on one surface (FIG. 16) or finished on both surfaces (FIG. 17), respectively.

FIG. 18 is an end section view of an insulated composite fabric.

FIG. 19 is an end section view of an insulating-filler fabric in the form of a double face warp knit fabric.

FIG. 20 is an end section view of an insulating-filler fabric in the form of a double face knit fabric with reverse plaited terry sinker loop knit construction.

FIG. 21 is an end section view of an insulating-filler fabric in the form of a single face fabric.

FIG. 22 is a side section view of a unitary engineered thermal fabric.

FIG. 23 is end section view of insulated composite fabric having a light-duty construction.

FIG. 24 is end section view of insulated composite fabric having a medium-duty construction.

FIG. 25 is end section view of insulated composite fabric having a heavy-duty construction.

FIG. 26 is an end section view of an example of an insulated composite fabric for use in a first region of a thermal blanket.

FIG. 27 is an end section view of an example of an insulated composite fabric for use in a second region of a thermal blanket.

FIG. 28 is a plan view of an insulating-filler fabric having a pile surface that includes no pile regions interspersed among regions of pile.

FIGS. 29A to 29E are end section views illustrating insulating-filler fabrics having void regions (i.e., regions of relatively lower pile or no pile).

FIGS. 30A to 30C are end section views of alternative embodiments of an insulated composite fabric laminate.

FIG. 31A is an end section view of a two layer insulated composite fabric.

FIG. 31B is an end section view of a two layer insulated composite fabric laminate.

FIG. 32 is an end section view of an insulated composite fabric having a waterproof membrane.

FIG. 33A is an infra-red photo of a thermal blanket over a thermal object, the thermal blanket being formed of a unitary engineered thermal fabric.

FIG. 33B is an infra-red photo of a thermal blanket over a thermal object, the thermal blanket being formed of a composite fabric including an inner fabric layer, an outer fabric layer, and the unitary engineered thermal fabric of FIG. 33A between the inner and the outer fabric layers.

FIGS. 34A and 34B are end section and perspective side views, respectively, of a multi-groove fiber, and FIG. 34C is an end perspective view of a multi-groove fiber as seen through a scanning electron microscope.

FIGS. 34D and 34E are end section views of other implementations of multi-groove fibers having relative shorter whiskers and having relatively longer whiskers, respectively.

FIG. 35 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of a process for conversion of a precursor into a multi-groove fiber, and FIG. 35A is an end section view of an intermediate product including a removable sheath during the process of making multi-groove fibers.

FIG. 36 is a schematic view of a fabric construction of this disclosure implementing incorporation of multi-groove fibers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A thermal blanket, e.g., a textile home furnishings blanket or an outdoor blanket, may be tailored to the insulative requirements of different regions of the projected user's body, thus to optimize the comfort level of the person while sleeping. In most cases, the regions of a person's lower legs and feet and a person's arms and shoulders tend to be relatively more susceptible to cold and thus it will be desirable to provide a relatively higher level of insulation, e.g. relatively higher pile height and/or higher fiber or pile density, for greater comfort and sleep, while, in contrast, the region of a person's upper torso and regions of the person's hips and head, especially from the sides, tend to require relatively less insulation. In some implementations, the thermal blanket is a stand-alone, unitary engineered thermal fabric with regions of contrasting insulative capacity and performance arranged by body mapping concepts. Different regions of the unitary engineered thermal fabric can be formed of yarns having the same denier or different deniers. The thermal blanket can also be a composite fabric formed by stitching, quilting, attaching the unitary engineered thermal fabric with additional layers, or inserting the unitary engineered thermal fabric between two layers.

The term “pile,” as used herein, includes pile surfaces formed by any desired method, including but not limited to: loops, cut loops, loops cut on the knitting machine, loops cut off the knitting machine (i.e., after the fabric is removed from the knitting machine), and raised fibers.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a unitary engineered thermal fabric 10 suitable for use in a thermal blanket defines one or more regions of contrasting performance, e.g., insulation, wind-blocking, air circulation, etc. The engineered thermal fabric includes regions of relatively high pile 20, regions of relatively low pile 22 and regions of no pile 24 formed selectively across the fabric in correlation with body regions preferably desiring or requiring relatively higher insulation, intermediate insulation, and little or no insulation, respectively. Referring to FIG. 1, in some implementations, the unitary engineered thermal fabric 10 may have regions 24 of relatively higher pile interspersed with regions 20 of no pile arranged in intricate patterns, e.g., plaids, stripes, or other geometric or abstract patterns.

In some implementations, regions having different thermal insulation properties can also be formed on a unitary engineered thermal fabric by forming regions of pile having different pile densities. The pile in the different regions can have the same height or different heights.

Engineered thermal fabrics are created, and engineered thermal fabric articles, including thermal blankets, are formed of such engineered thermal fabrics, for the purpose of addressing thermal insulation and comfort level using the unitary engineered thermal fabric. The engineered thermal fabric articles reduce dependence on using multiple layers, while providing insulation and comfort. The engineered thermal fabric articles, e.g. garments and home furnishings, such as blankets and the like, provide selected contrasting levels of insulation correlated to the requirements and/or desires of the underlying regions of the body, to create an improved comfort zone suited for a wide variety of thermal insulation needs.

Referring to FIG. 3, an engineered thermal blanket 300 is shown spread for use on a bed. The blanket may be formed of a unitary engineered thermal fabric, such as the fabric 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 having features discussed above. In particular, the engineered thermal fabric can be a single face raised fabric or double face raised fabric, and the fabric may be warp knit, circular knit, or woven. The region 302 of the person's lower legs and feet and the regions 304, 306 of the person's arms and shoulders have relatively higher pile height and/or relatively higher fiber density. In contrast, the region 308 of the person's upper torso and the regions 310, 312 and the regions 314, 316 adjacent to the person's head and hips, respectively, have relatively low pile or no pile, e.g. depending in personal preference, seasonal conditions, etc. The region 318 below the feet has no pile or low pile, as it is typically tucked beneath the mattress. The fabric of the blanket has a three dimensional geometry, where the thickness of the surfaces of the insulative regions of the head, arms and shoulders, and lower torso, legs and feet are typically in velour, loop, terry in raised surface or sheared/cut loop or as formed.

Referring to FIG. 4, another engineered thermal blanket 350 also formed of a unitary engineered thermal fabric is shown spread for use on a bed. In this implementation, the engineered thermal blanket 350, compared to the engineered thermal blanket 300, is simplified for purposes of manufacture. The regions of contrasting insulative capacity and performance are arranged in band form, extending across the blanket. A lower band region 352 having relatively higher pile height and/or relatively higher fiber density is positioned to extend generally across the person's lower torso, legs and feet and an upper band region 354 also of relatively higher pile height and/or relatively higher fiber density is positioned to extend generally across the person's arms and shoulders. At the upper and lower extremities, respectively, of the blanket 350, an upper band region 356 of relatively low pile or no pile is positioned to extend generally across the person's head and a lower band region 358 of relatively low pile or no pile is positioned to be folded beneath the blanket. In between region 352 and 354, an intermediate region 360, also of relatively low pile or no pile, is positioned to extend generally across the person's upper torso.

As described above, the surfaces of the region 354 of the head, arms, and shoulders, and the region 352 of the lower torso, legs, and feet are plain velour, while the upper band region 356 and intermediate region 360 are low pile. Typically, the yarn and the pile density are maintained constant for all regions, again for simplicity of manufacture. The vertical widths of the respective regions represented in the drawing are by way of example only. Regions of any dimension can be arranged, tailored, e.g., for use by persons of different ages and different genders, etc. and for other factors, such as seasonality, etc.

Although particular patterns, e.g., formed by high pile, low pile and/or no pile (patterned with high pile regions and low pile regions, high pile regions and no pile regions, low pile regions and no pile regions, and/or high pile regions, low pile regions, and no pile regions), are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for the unitary engineered thermal fabrics and in FIGS. 3 and 4 for the thermal blankets, the unitary engineered thermal fabrics and the thermal blankets can have any suitable patterns, e.g., based on the desired thermal insulation properties. The thermal blankets can be part of a bedding system and can work in synergy with other bedding components, e.g., linen, sheets, other blankets, and comforters, in order to provide comfort and thermal insulation to the user.

For example, FIG. 3A shows a segment of a thermal blanket 380 having a patterned surface 392 including pile regions 382, 384, 386, 388, 390. In some implementations, all of the pile on the patterned surface 392 has the same pile height. However, the pile regions 384, 386, 388, 390 are patterned to have a lower pile density than the pile density in the pile region 382. In particular, the pile regions 384, 386, 388, 390 include piles 386, 394 separated by no pile or low pile regions 388, 396. The pile region 386 can provide higher thermal insulation than the pile regions 384, 386, 388, 390 due to the higher pile density. The pile in different pile regions 382, 384, 386, 388, 390 can have the same height and/or density, or can have different heights and/or densities, e.g., to provide a thermal insulation gradient.

In some implementations, one or more of the pile regions 384, 386, 388, 390 each can have a pattern formed of contrasting pile heights and/or the same pile height with contrasting pile densities. In the example shown in FIG. 3A, all of the pile regions 384, 386, 388, 390 have the same pile density and the same pattern, with relatively high pile in the circular or oval parts and grid parts 394 and relatively low pile or no pile the remaining regions 396. In addition to the desired thermal properties, the patterned regions 384, 386, 388, 390 provide aesthetic views to the blanket 380.

The different pile regions can have different pile densities. Some pile regions can have 100% pile or a full raised surface, while some other regions can have less than 100% pile. Accordingly, using different pile densities in different pile regions, the regions can provide different thermal properties and aesthetic views even when they have the same pattern. The thermal blanket 380 can have a double face finish raised on both sides or a single face finish raised only on a single side.

In another example shown in FIG. 4A, a thermal blanket 400 has multiple band regions 404, 406, 408 extending a width of the thermal blanket (similar to the band regions 354, 360 . . . , described with reference to FIG. 4). The bands can extend across a width of the blanket 400, along the length of the blanket 400, or along other directions. The bands can be straight or can have other shaped, e.g., irregular, edges. The thermal blanket 400 also includes velour regions 410. The band regions 404, 408, 406 each can be velour or can have patterns. In the example shown in the figure, all band regions have the same pattern, each being similar to the pattern of regions 384, 386, 388, 390 of FIG. 3A, with relatively high pile in oval parts 412 and grid parts 414 and relatively low pile or no pile in remaining regions 416. The pile in corresponding parts of different regions can have the same or different heights. In the example shown, the pile has the same height. However, the pile densities in the three regions 404, 406, 408 are different, with the region 406 having the lowest pile density, the region 408 having the second lowest pile density, and the region 404 having the highest pile density. As a result, the band region 406 has the highest air permeability, e.g., a CFM of 294; the band region 408 has relatively high air permeability, e.g., a CMF of 236; the band region 404 has less high air permeability, e.g., a CMF of 231. The velour regions 410 can have the lowest air permeability, e.g., a CFM of 149. In use, the thermal blanket 400 can cover a user's body along the x or −x direction. The blanket provides good thermal insulation in the end regions 410 that corresponding to the user's head, shoulder and lower legs, and provides good air permeability in the middle regions, particularly the band region 406.

In some implementations, the unitary engineered thermal fabrics and/or the thermal blankets described above, e.g., the fabric 10, the engineered thermal blankets 300, 350, 380, 400, contain multi-groove (nano or micro or other) fibers (“MGF”), which are described in more detail below. For example, referring again to FIGS. 3, 3A, 4, and 4A, the thermal blankets 300, 350, 380, 400, can incorporate the multi-groove fibers in all regions of the blankets, or in selected regions, such as regions with relatively higher pile height, regions with relatively lower pile height, and/or regions with no pile. In some implementations, the multi-groove fibers in raised surfaces (e.g., the piles) of the fabrics or thermal blankets have relatively longer whiskers to provide good thermal insulation. In some implementations, the bodies of the fabrics or thermal blankets include a smooth surface that incorporates the multi-groove fibers having relatively shorter whiskers. The multi-groove fibers having relatively shorter whiskers can facilitate water management. In some cases, both the bodies and the raised surfaces (e.g., piles) of the fabrics or the thermal blankets include the multi-groove fibers. The multi-groove fibers incorporated in different parts of fabrics or the thermal blankets can have different features, such as denier, whisker lengths, etc.

The multi-groove fibers can provide the fabrics or the thermal blankets with enhanced thermal properties, good water management capabilities, soft touches, and aesthetic appealing.

Multi-groove fibers having relatively shorter whiskers, e.g. as developed by Taiwan Textile Researched Institute (“TTRI”), are described in Liu et al. U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0159241, published Jun. 24, 2010 (assigned on its face to Taiwan Textile Research Institute), the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. As will be described, whisker fibers permit formation of fabrics, including raised surface velour and velour/velour fabrics, with certain advantageous features, including, but not limited to, ultra-suede touch, while still generating appropriate thickness/bulk of the raised surface fabric or thermal blanket.

Referring to FIGS. 34, 34B, and 34C, a multi-groove fiber 1020 suitable for use in the fabrics or thermal blankets consists of an axially-elongated core 1022 and multiple (e.g., 3-200) grooves 1026 defined and spaced apart by whiskers 1024 that extend generally radially from the core 1022. The whiskers 1024, e.g., axially-elongated whiskers, are separated by grooves 1026, e.g., axially-elongated grooves, and can have an average radial length, l, in the order of microns or nanometers. The core 1022 can have any desired mass density (i.e. denier or mass-per-length), e.g., a coarse denier of about 1.5 dpf to about 10.0 dpf, or a fine denier of about 0.3 dpf to about 1.5 dpf. In some implementations, the total mass density of the fiber 1020 is selected to be about 0.3 dpf to about 1.5 dpf. In some implementations, multi-groove fibers 1020 are incorporated in the fabrics or thermal blankets have relatively longer whiskers and are relatively coarse to provide good thermal insulation properties.

The core 1022 is formed of a synthetic (polymeric) material, e.g., selected from among, e.g. polyester, nylon, polypropylene, and others. The whiskers 1024 are formed of the same synthetic material as the core 1020. For example, both the core 1020 and the whiskers 1024 are formed of polyester. Referring to FIGS. 34D and 34E, other implementations of multi-groove fibers 1020′, 1020″ are shown, e.g. with whiskers of relatively shorter length and relatively longer length, respectively. In some implementations, an average radial length, l, of the whiskers 1024′ of multi-groove fibers 1020′ is smaller than the diameter of the core 1022′. An average radial length, l, of the whiskers 1024″ of the multi-groove fibers 1020″ is greater than the diameter of the core 1022″. The whiskers may an average length of up to about 200% of the diameter of the core, e.g., for relatively longer whiskers, or may have an average length of down to about 0.01% of a diameter of the core, e.g. for relatively shorter whiskers. The relatively longer whiskers may have an average length in the range of about 20% to about 100% of a diameter of a core, and the relatively shorter whiskers can have an average length in the range of about 0.1% to about 1.0% of a diameter of a core, or about 200 nm to about 2 microns.

Referring also to FIG. 35, the multi-groove fibers may be formed according to processes described in Liu et al. U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0159241, as referenced above. Multi-groove fibers may also be available commercially from TTRI. Similar fibers may also be available from Hills, Inc. (Florida, USA). As shown in FIG. 35, according to the patent publication of Liu et al., multi-groove fibers are formed initially as a precursor 1040′, extruded from a spinneret die, the fiber precursor consisting of a core 1032 surrounded by an edge region 1046. The edge region 1046 is formed of alternating materials 1034, 1036, e.g., polymeric materials, respectively. The polymer 1034 later forms whiskers over the core 1032, and the polymer 1036 forms a removable, e.g., dissolvable, sheath separating the polymer 1034. In some implementations, as shown in FIG. 35A, the sheath 1036 extends beyond the whisker material 1034 along the radial direction. The surface of the edge region surrounding the core 1032 is formed of the sheath material 1036. Upon removal of the polymer sheath 1036, grooves are formed among the whiskers.

The polymers 1034, 1036 can be in the form of alternating sheets or webs extending along a longitudinal axis of the core 1032. The polymer 1034 is the same as the synthetic material forming the core 1032. The polymer 1036 is different from the materials forming the core 1032 and the polymer 1034, and is dissolvable or otherwise removable. The polymer 1036 and the polymer 1034 typically have surface energies that are quite similar. Referring still to FIG. 35, the fiber precursor 1040′ is next subjected to processing (arrow, P) for removal of the sheath 1036, thereby forming multiple grooves 1038 disposed about and extending axially along the core 1032 of the multi-groove fiber 1040, the grooves 1038 being defined by and between intervening “whiskers” 1042 formed of the sheets of the first set 1034.

Referring again to FIGS. 34A and 34B, and also to FIG. 34C, fibers 1020 have a core 1022 and whiskers 1024 separated by grooves 1026 extending from the surface of the core. The fibers 1020 can be multi-groove nano fibers having a total (including the core and the whiskers) average mass density of about 0.3 dpf to about 10.0 dpf. The fibers 1020 can also be multi-groove micro fibers. The whiskers 1024 and grooves 1026 cause the fibers 1020 to have relatively low mass density as compared to a relatively smaller diameter or thickness for fibers in the indicated range of denier. For example, for purposes of comparison, a conventional fiber without the grooves and whiskers and formed of the same material would have a thickness of about 2% to about 75% of the thickness of the fiber 1020, in order to have denier in the range indicated for the multi-groove fiber 1020. In contrast, if a conventional fiber had a diameter in the range indicated above for multi-groove fiber 1020, and was formed of the same material, such a conventional fiber would have denier in the range of about 1.3 to about 50 times the denier of the fiber 1020.

According to the present disclosure, the sizes, thicknesses, and/or mass densities of the multi-groove fibers 1020 can be selected based on the desired features of the fibers 1020, e.g., denier, and/or other features of the raised surfaces or regions of the fabrics or thermal blankets (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 1-3, 3A, 4, 4A). The whiskers 1024 can have an average radial length, l, of about 2 nm to about 10 microns, e.g., 200 nm to 2 microns, and an average thickness, t, of about 100 nm to 1 micron, e.g., 200 nm to 1 micron, or 250 nm. As mention above, the grooves can be nano-size or micro-size, e.g., having an average width, w, of about 100 nm to 10 microns, e.g., 250 nm. The ratio of the average diameter, D, of the core 1022 to the average length, l, of the whiskers 1024 and/or the ratio of the average thickness, t, to the average width, w, can be adjusted to obtain desired fiber properties, e.g., by changing the materials for and/or processes of making the multi-groove fibers 1020 (discussed further below). In the example shown in FIG. 34E, the ratio of core diameter to the average length of the whiskers is 1:1.

In some implementations, each multi-groove fiber 1020 has about 3 to about 200 whiskers, e.g., about 10-200 whiskers, about 40-200 whiskers, or about 60-80 whiskers, extending generally radially from the core. The grooves 1026 extend the entire length of the multi-groove fiber 1020. In some implementations, the grooves 1026 have substantially the same dimensions and/or are substantially evenly distributed about and/or along a cross-sectional surface of the multi-groove fiber 1020. In other implementations, the grooves 1026 may have different dimensions and/or may be distributed irregularly. Although the core 1022 and the multi-groove fibers 1020 appearing in the figures are shown as having circular cross-section, it is to be understood that the core 1022 and the multi-groove fibers 1020 may have other cross-sectional shapes. In some implementations, a fiber can include both relatively longer whiskers and relatively shorter whiskers along its cross section.

In some implementations, the multi-groove fibers 1020 are formed or consist of synthetic (polymeric) material. The core 1022 and the whiskers 1024 are typically formed of the same polymeric material. Suitable polymeric materials for use in the core 1022 and the whiskers 1024 include, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6 (PA 6), PA 66, and/or combinations thereof.

Referring again to FIG. 35, multi-groove fibers 1040, e.g., that are similar to or the same as the multi-groove fibers 1020 of FIGS. 34A and 34B, can be made by forming a polymer extrusion 1030 of three or more polymers 1032, 1034, 1036 and removing one of the polymers 1036 to form grooves 1038 among whiskers 1042 formed of the polymer 1036. The polymeric extrusion 1030 includes a core region 1044 formed of the polymer 1032 and an edge region 1046 formed of polymers 1034, 1036. The polymer 1034 is the same as the polymer 1032, and the whiskers are separated by the sheath formed by the removable polymer 1036, e.g., dissolvable polyester, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), poly(lactic acid) or polylactide (PLA), or others. The sheath can be removed by exposing the polymer extrusion 1030 to water or caustic soda (NaOH). The polymer 1036 can be removed by heating or radiating the polymer extrusion 1030 and dissolving the polymer 1036. Other removable polymers and removal mechanisms may also be employed. The polymers 1032, 1034 can be the previously to discussed polymers for forming the core 1022 and the whiskers 1024.

Referring again to FIGS. 34D and 34E, the thickness, t, and the length, l, of the whiskers 1042 can be adjusted by modifying the polymers 1034, 1036 or other related parameters and factors. For example, the spinneret used for extruding the fibers and/or the weight ratio of the whisker polymer 1034 and the sheath polymer 1036 can be controlled or adjusted to modify parameters of resulting product. The feeding rate of each polymer, the spin head and the spinning plates in the spinneret can also be modified. For example, the weight ratio can be in the range of from 9/1 to 1/9. The dimensional ratio of the core 1044 to the edge 1042 (FIG. 35) can also be adjusted, e.g., to provide the desired fiber denier and thickness. In some implementations, multi-groove fibers 1020′ (FIG. 34D) with relatively shorter and/or thicker edge segments, resulting in relatively shorter and/or thinner whiskers 1024′, may be desirable, e.g. to produce fabrics or thermal blankets having a matte appearance or finish. Conversely, multi-groove fiber 1020″ (FIG. 34E) with relatively longer and/or thinner edge segments, resulting in relatively longer and/or thicker whiskers 1024″, may also be desirable, e.g. to provide a softer touch to the fibers, and to the fabric or thermal blanket containing or made of the fibers, e.g. resembling ultra-suede. The ratio of dissolvable and non-dissolvable segments, as well as the ratio of edge and core dimensions, can also be adjusted.

For example, fabrics incorporating multi-groove fibers (“MGF”), e.g., multi-groove nano or micro fibers, having a core from which extend, generally radially, multiple axially-elongated whiskers separated by axially-extending grooves can have an ultra-suede touch. The multi-groove fibers can be incorporated into a raised surface, or surfaces, of a fabric forming outer and/or inner surfaces of a thermal blanket.

Incorporating the multi-groove fibers in the unitary engineered thermal fabrics or thermal blankets, such as those discussed in FIGS. 1-3, 3A, 4, and 4A can provide advantages to the fabrics and the thermal blankets. For example, the multi-groove fibers can have a relatively fine denier (weight per length) when compared to standard fibers of similar diameter, but the multi-groove fibers are relatively thicker (i.e. having relatively greater diameter) and can provide more bulk, e.g. as compared to fibers of standard cross-section and similar denier. Loop yarn and/or pile surfaces including the multi-groove fibers on the raised surface can have enhanced thickness (bulk).

The multi-groove fibers (e.g., those having relatively shorter whiskers) can diffuse light directed onto the surface of a fabric or a thermal blanket, providing the fabric or the thermal blanket with the appearance of a dull or matte finish, e.g. as compared to a reflectively shiny finish.

A fabric or thermal blanket having raised surfaces or raised regions, whether single face or double face, incorporating multi-groove fibers having relatively longer whiskers in the raised surface(s), can have improved thermal insulation, e.g., by entrapment and retention of air. The fabric or the thermal blanket may also resist release or displacement of the entrapped air, e.g. as compared to raised surface fabrics containing conventional fibers, when exposed to dynamic conditions (movement and/or blowing air). Under static conditions, the raised surface or surface regions of the disclosure containing the multi-groove fibers and the raised surface or surface regions containing conventional fibers, without grooves or whiskers, both entrap a similar amount of air to provide similar thermal insulation properties to the fabric. However, air displacement in the raised surface containing the multi-groove fibers is reduced as compared to a raised surface formed of conventional fibers, e.g., because of the tortuosity effect caused by the multi-groove fibers. In addition, under dynamic conditions, i.e., when the fabrics are in motion, e.g. caused by wind or by movement of the user, movement of multi-groove fibers on a raised surface of fabric of the disclosure is more restricted, e.g. as compared to movement of conventional fibers of a raised surface of a conventional fabric, e.g. in particular in the case of relatively longer whiskers. Accordingly, the fabric and the thermal blanket of the disclosure provide good thermal insulation to the user under both static and dynamic conditions.

A fabric incorporating multi-groove fibers can be fanned into a thermal blanket having its raised surface facing the skin surface of a user. The raised surface can be patterned, e.g., to define grids, pillars, interconnected channels, pockets, or other surface features, including to enhance thermal insulation, air circulation, and water management capabilities.

The multi-groove fibers can also be incorporated into a smooth surface of a fabric, e.g. for use as an outer surface of a thermal blanket facing away from a user. The multi-groove fibers having relatively shorter whiskers can be used on the technical face of plaited terry sinker loop, or on the outer side of plaited jersey, double knit and tricot, to provide enhanced water management and improved rate of drying.

In particular, a fabric or thermal blanket incorporating the multi-groove fibers having relatively shorter whiskers can have enhanced water management performance to provide a user with comfort. The grooves of the multi-groove fibers can provide enhanced movement of water along or through the fabric by flow of water along the grooves. The whiskers of the multi-groove fibers cause the fibers to have relatively larger surface area, resulting in increased water holding capacity and enhanced water evaporation.

Plaited jersey or double knit with multi-groove fibers having small denier can be used advantageously on the outer-facing surface a blanket in order to permit use of relatively coarse denier down to smaller denier fibers on the inner-facing surface of the blanket, thereby maintaining the differential of higher to lower denier between the inner- and outer-facing surfaces, as required for effective wicking of fluid towards the outer surface, and also providing enhanced comfort for the user with relatively lower denier at the inner facing surface.

As an example, referring to FIG. 36, a fabric portion 1100 of a unitary engineered thermal fabric or thermal blanket has a plaited construction can move liquid sweat from the inner side 1104 (facing a user's skin surface) to the outer side 1106. Relatively coarser denier fibers are used on inner side 1104 (next to skin) and relatively finer denier fibers are used on outer side 1106 (away from skin). Use of the multi-groove fibers (or whisker fibers) as the relatively finer denier fiber on the outer side 1106 permits use of very fine fibers on inner side 1104 (0.1 to 1.0 dpf), while still maintaining, or improving, water management. In some implementations, whiskers having a relatively shorter length, l, e.g., 200 nm to 10 microns, can provide good water management by allowing water to move along the grooves 1026 (FIG. 34A), 1038 (FIG. 35) among the whiskers. The whiskers 1024, 1042 and the grooves 1026, 1038 also increase the total surface area of the fibers 1020, 1040, so that the fibers 1020, 1040 have a relatively larger capacity to hold liquid and water evaporation can be enhanced. In some implementations, the fibers 1020, 1040 can have any size core (i.e., any denier) with a desired length of whiskers selected to provide a desired fiber property, e.g., denier and/or water management.

Dimensions of the multi-groove fibers, such as length and/or density of the whiskers, can be selected to enhance desired performance features of the fibers, of fabrics made of or containing the fibers, and of blankets formed of the fabrics. All fabrics and thermal blankets including the multi-groove fibers can also include elastomeric yarns. In some implementations, the fabrics and the thermal blankets can have 2-way stretch or 4-way stretch, which can facilitate, e.g., thermal insulation and water management.

The unitary engineered thermal fabrics can be produced by any procedure suitable for creating regions with different pile heights and/or regions with no pile, in predetermined designs and arrangements. Examples of suitable procedures include, e.g., electronic needle and/or sinker selection, tubular circular or terry loop knit construction, e.g. by reverse plaiting (as described below with respect to FIGS. 7 to 14), to form double face fabric or to form pseudo single face fabric, where the jersey side can be protected by coating for abrasion or pilling resistance (as described below) or can be used as is for laminating, or by regular plaiting, to form single face fabric, warp knit construction, woven construction, and fully fashion knit construction. Any suitable yarn or fibers may be employed in forming the engineered thermal fabrics. Examples of suitable yarn or fibers include, e.g., synthetic yarn or fibers formed, e.g., of polyester, nylon or acrylic; natural yarn or fibers formed, e.g., of cotton or wool; regenerate yarn or fibers, such as rayon; and specialty yarn or fibers, such as aramid yarn or fibers, as sold by E.I. DuPont under the trademarks NOMEX® and KEVLAR®. Flame retardant fiber blends can also be used in the unitary engineered thermal fabrics. The flame retardant fiber blends can contain modacrylic yarns and/or fibers blended with cellulosic with or without other flame retardant fibers.

A pattern of contrasting pile height regions, including one or more regions with no loop pile yarn, is knitted, or otherwise formed, in a unitary fabric. If desired, multiple, different unitary engineered thermal fabrics can then be assembled to form an engineered thermal fabric article, e.g., a garment or the engineered thermal fabric blankets 300, 350 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The patterns of the fabrics are engineered to cover substantial portions of the body surface, each fabric typically having multiple regions of contrasting pile height and/or contrasting air permeability performance, thereby to minimize or avoid the cut-and-sew process typical of prior art thermal fabric articles. The disclosure thus permits construction of engineered thermal fabric articles with very intricate patterns of contrasting thickness, which can be employed, e.g., as integral elements of a blanket design. This level of intricacy generally cannot be achieved by standard cut and sew processes, e.g., simply sewing together a variety of fabric patterns and designs.

During processing, the unitary engineered thermal fabrics may be dyed, and one or both surfaces finished to form regions of contrasting pile loop height, e.g., by raising one or both surfaces, or by raising one surface and cutting the loops on the opposite surface. The degree of raising will depend on the pile height of the loop pile yarn. For example, the knit can be finished by cutting the high loops, or shearing just the high pile, without raising the low loop pile height and/or the no loop pile height. Alternatively, the knit can be finished by raising the loop surface; the high loop will be raised higher on finishing to generate relatively higher bulk/greater thickness, and thus to have relatively increased insulative properties. Regions of contrasting bulk may also be obtained in a reverse circular knit terry construction by knitting two different yarns having significantly different shrinkage performance when exposed to dry or wet heat (e.g., steam or high temperature water) in a predetermined pattern. The very low shrinkage (e.g., 0 to 10% shrinkage) yarn may be spun yarn, flat filament yarn or set textured yarn, and the high shrinkage yarn (e.g., 20 to 60% shrinkage) may be heat sensitive synthetic yarn in flat yarn (like polypropylene) or high shrinkage polyester or nylon textured filament yarn. According to one implementation, the terry sinker loop yarn is cut on the knitting machine itself, where the velour height of the different yarns is identical, and the fabric is then exposed to high temperature (dry heat or wet heat), e.g. during dyeing, to generate differences in relative pile height between contrasting regions of the two types of yarn, based on the contrast in shrinkage characteristics. Contrasting pile height may also be achieved by knitting one yarn into loops to be cut to a desired height on the knitting machine or later in the finishing process in combination with a low pile knitted to a zero pile height (e.g., 0 mm sinker). The engineered thermal fabric articles may also include regions of no loop at all, to provide an additional contrasting level or height of pile (i.e., no pile).

The outer-facing surface (i.e., the technical back loop, or the technical face (jersey), where the latter is preferred for single face fabrics) of the engineered thermal fabrics may also be treated with a resin or chemical binder to form a relatively hard surface for resistance to pilling and/or abrasions, e.g. as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005-0095940 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,038,177, the complete disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The pattern of contrasting pile heights, which may be varied to accommodate any predetermined design, can also be optimized for a variety of different thermal insulation preferences or uses. For example, referring again to FIGS. 1 to 4, regions 20 of relatively higher pile can be situated to provide warmth in desired regions such as the chest and upper back, while regions 24 of the lower back can comprise regions of relatively lower pile and/or no pile. Referring particularly to FIG. 2, in some implementations of engineered thermal fabric articles, regions of patterns of thickness (e.g., stripes, plaids, dots and/or other geometric or abstract patterns, in any combination desired) can be used to create regions 22 of intermediate warmth and breatheablity. The knit fabric construction will typically have some degree of stretch and recovery in the width direction. Significantly higher stretch and recovery, and/or stretch in both directions (length and width), can be provided as desired, e.g., for an engineered thermal fabric garment or blanket having enhanced comfort as well as body fit or compression, by incorporating elastomeric yarn or spandex, PBT or 3GT, or other suitable material, with mechanical stretch in the stitch yarn position.

In some implementations, in addition to being engineered for controlled insulation, the unitary engineered thermal fabrics described above may be laminated to knit fabrics with velour of at least one pile height, e.g., low, high and/or any combination thereof, or to woven fabrics with or without stretch. Optionally, a membrane may be laminated between the layers of fabric to cause the laminate to be impermeable to wind and liquid water, but breatheable (e.g., a porous hydrophobic or non-porous hydrophilic membrane), as in fabric product manufactured by Malden Mills Industries, Inc. and its successor, Polartec, LLC, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,204,156; 5,268,212 and 5,364,678, the complete disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, the laminate may be constructed to provide controlled air permeability (e.g., by providing an intermediate layer in the form of a perforated membrane, a crushed adhesive layer, a foam adhesive layer, or a discontinuous breatheable membrane), as in fabric product manufactured by Malden Mills Industries, Inc. and its successor, Polartec, LLC, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/378,344, and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2002-0025747, 2003-0104735 and 2005-0020160, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 2, and also to FIGS. 5 and 6, unitary engineered thermal fabrics define regions of contrasting pile height, e.g., including regions 20 of relatively higher pile, regions 22 of intermediate or relatively low pile, and regions 24 of no pile, depending on the presence and height of loop yarn 40 relative to, i.e. above, stitch yarn 42. The engineered fabric prebody is thus formed according to a predetermined design, providing regions of relatively higher pile 20, intermediate or relatively lower pile 22, or no pile 24. Referring to FIG. 2, in some implementations, regions 22 of intermediate insulation and breatheablity may be achieved by a combination or overlap of regions 20 of relatively high pile with regions 24 of no pile.

Referring to FIGS. 8 to 14, according to one implementation, a fabric body 12 is formed (in a continuous web) by joining a stitch yarn 42 and a loop yarn 40 in a standard reverse plaiting circular knitting (terry knitting) process, e.g., as described in Knitting Technology, by David J. Spencer (Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2nd edition, 1996), the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Referring to FIG. 15, in the terry knitting process, the stitch yarn 42 forms the technical face 36 of the resulting fabric body and the loop yarn 40 forms the opposite technical back 34, where it is formed into loops (40, FIG. 13) extending to overlie the stitch yarn 42. In the fabric body 32 formed by reverse plaiting circular knitting, the loop yarn 40 extends outwardly from the planes of both surfaces and, on the technical face 36, the loop yarn 40 covers or overlies the stitch yarn 42 (e.g., see FIG. 15).

As described above, the loop yarn 40 forming the technical back 34 of the knit fabric body 32 can be made of any suitable synthetic or natural material. The cross section and luster of the fibers or filaments can be varied, e.g., as dictated by requirements of intended end use. The loop yarn 40 can be a spun yarn made by any available spinning technique, or a filament flat or textured yarn made by extrusion. The loop yarn denier is typically between about 40 denier to about 300 denier. A preferred loop yarn is a 200/100 denier T-653 Type flat polyester filament with trilobal cross section, e.g., as available commercially from E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Inc., of Wilmington, Del., or 2/100/96 texture yarn to increase tortuosity and reduce air flow, e.g., yarn from UNIFI, Inc., of Greensboro, N.C.

The stitch yarn 42 forming the technical face 36 of the knit fabric body 32 can be also made of any suitable type of synthetic or natural material in a spun yarn or a filament yarn. The denier is typically between about 50 denier to about 150 denier. A preferred yarn is a 70/34 denier filament textured polyester, e.g., as available commercially from UNIFI, Inc., of Greensboro, N.C. Another preferred yarn is cationic dyeable polyester, such as 70/34 T-81 from DuPont, which can be dyed to hues darker or otherwise different from the hue of the loop yarn, to further accentuate a pattern.

In the preferred method, the fabric body 32 is formed by reverse plaiting on a circular knitting machine. This is principally a terry knit, where loops formed by the loop yarn 40 cover or overlie the stitch yarn 42 on the technical face 36 (see FIG. 15).

Referring now to FIGS. 16 and 17, during the finishing process, the fabric body 32, 32′ can go through processes of sanding, brushing, napping, etc., to generate a fleece 38. The fleece 38 can be formed on one face of the fabric body 32 (FIG. 16), e.g., on the technical back 34, in the loop yarn, or fleece 38, 38′ can be formed on both faces of the fabric body 32′ (FIG. 17), including on the technical face 36, in the overlaying loops of the loop yarn and/or in the stitch yarn, with regions of high bulk 20 and low/no bulk 24. The fabric body 32, 32′ can also be treated, e.g., chemically, to render the material hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

Also, the unitary engineered thermal fabrics can have pile of any desired fiber density and any desired pile height, with the contrast of insulative capacity and performance achieved, e.g., by relatively different pile heights (e.g., using different sinker heights), relatively different pile densities (e.g., using full face velour and velour with pattern of low pile or no pile), and relatively different types of yarns (e.g., using flat yarns with low shrinkage and texture yarns with high shrinkage). The unitary engineered thermal fabrics having contrasting high pile, low pile, and/or no pile may be generated, e.g., by electronic sinker selection or by resist printing, as described below, and as described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/674,535, filed Apr. 25, 2005, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. For example, sinker loops of predetermined regions of the fabrics may be printed with binder material in an engineered body mapping pattern, e.g., to locally resist raising. The surface is then raised in non-coated regions. The result is a fabric having an engineered pattern of raised regions and non-raised regions. The printed regions may be formed of sub-regions of contrasting thermal insulation and breatheability performance characteristics by use of different binder materials, densities of application, penetration, etc., thereby to achieve optimum performance requirements for each sub-region of the engineered printing pattern.

Other aesthetic effects may also be applied to the face side and/or to the back side of the engineered thermal fabric, including, e.g., color differentiation and/or patterning on one or both surfaces, including three dimensional effects. Selected regions may be printed, and other regions may be left untreated to be raised while printed regions remain flat, resisting the napping process, for predetermined thermal insulation and/or breatheability performance effects. Also, application of binder material in a predetermined engineered pattern may be synchronized with the regular wet printing process, including in other regions of the fabric body. The wet printing may be applied to fabric articles made, e.g., with electronic sinker loop selection or cut loop (of the pile) of cut loop on the knitting machine and may utilize multiple colors for further aesthetic enhancement. The colors in the wet print may be integrated with the resist print to obtain a three-dimensional print on one or more regions of the fabric, or even over the entire fabric surface. The sizes, shapes and relationships of the respective regions represented in the drawing are by way of example only. Regions of any shape and size can be arranged in any desired pattern, tailored, e.g., for use by persons of different ages and different genders, etc. and for other factors, such as seasonality, etc.

In some implementations, a thermal blanket, such as the thermal blankets 300, 350 of FIGS. 3 and 4, includes an insulated composite fabric (“technical down”) that incorporates a unitary engineered thermal fabric, such as the unitary engineered thermal fabric discussed above, between inner (to face a user's body) and outer (to face an external environment) fabric layers. In some implementations, the inner and outer fabric layers are identical in structure and the insulated composite fabric is reversible. The outer and inner fabric layers can also have different patterns or configurations (discussed below). The inner and outer fabric layers can provide advantages, e.g., protect the unitary engineered thermal fabric, provide aesthetic effects to the blanket, and others, without substantially changing the thermal insulation properties, e.g., heat dissipation rate, provided by the unitary engineered thermal fabric.

As an example, FIG. 18 illustrates an insulated composite fabric 120 that is suitable for forming an entire or a part of a thermal blanket. The insulated composite fabric 120 consists of an inner “shell-liner” fabric layer 121; an outer “shell” fabric layer 122; and an insulating-filler fabric layer 123 enclosed therebetween. The insulating-filler fabric layer 123 can be sewn (e.g., quilted as illustrated in FIG. 18) and/or connected with tack stitches) to one or both of the inner and outer fabric layers 121, 122, or, in some eases, a loose insulating-filler fabric layer 123 is anchored in the seams of the blanket along the periphery. Alternatively or additionally, the insulating-filler fabric layer 123 can be attached to one or both of the inner and outer fabric layers 121, 122 by other physical anchoring, e.g., via snapping, tucking, jumping and tucking, ultrasound bonding, lamination, etc.

The insulating-filler fabric layer 123 can have features similar to or the same as the unitary engineered thermal fabrics of FIGS. 1, 2, 5, and 6 and engineered for suitable use in blankets 300, 350 of FIGS. 3 and 4. For example, the insulating-filler fabric layer 123 can incorporate multi-groove fibers similarly to the unitary engineered thermal fabrics or the thermal blankets discussed above. The multi-groove fibers can have features similar to or the same as those discussed in FIGS. 34A-34E, 35, and 35A. Accordingly, the term “insulating-filler fabric layer” and the term “unitary engineered thermal fabric” are used interchangeably herein. For example, the insulating-filler fabric layer can be patterned (using high pile, low pile, and/or no pile) based on the thermal configuration and need of the thermal blankets, such the thermal blankets 300, 350 of FIGS. 3 and 4. In some implementations, the outer and inner fabric layers 121, 122 can also incorporate the multi-groove fibers. Discussions of the insulating-filler fabric layer and the inner and outer fabric layers containing the multi-groove fibers are provided in U.S. Ser. No. ______ [Attorney Docket No. 22436-0194003], filed on the same day as the present application, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

In some implementations, the outer fabric layer 122 of the thermal blanket has a jacquard pattern to enhance the synergy with the insulating-filler fabric layer 123, and to provide the thermal blanket with aesthetic appealing. The outer fabric layer 122 and/or the inner fabric layer 121 can have a pattern, e.g., formed of regions having contrasting pile heights and/or pile densities, that corresponds to the pattern of the insulating-filler fabric layer to enhance the comfort level of the user. The patterned inner and outer fabric layers 121, 122 do not substantially restrict heat dissipation at the desired regions of the incorporated insulating-filler fabric layer, e.g., regions covering the hip. As a result, the thermal properties of a thermal blanket made from an insulated composite fabric are not substantially different from thermal blankets that are made only from the unitary engineered thermal fabric included in the insulated composite fabric. The thermal blanket made from the insulated composite fabrics can also provide thermal features as discussed for the blankets 300, 350, and can provide superior comfort to a user, e.g., by providing more insulation in predetermined region(s), and lower thermal insulation and better breathability in other region(s) than a conventional blanket provides. The outer and/or inner fabric layer can be a knit having a light weight, e.g., about 1.0 oz/yard² to about 6.0 oz/yard².

In some implementations, the insulating-filler fabric layer 123 is a textile fabric with raised surface on one side or both sides. The textile fabric of the insulating-filler fabric layer 123 is constructed to include face yarn (pile) that is positioned generally perpendicular to stitching or backing yarn. This type of construction can provide high bulk with good resiliency to maintain the thermal insulation of the insulating-filler fabric layer 123 even under compression.

Referring to FIG. 19, the insulating-filler fabric layer 123 may be formed from a double face warp knit fabric 130 that includes a technical back 132 formed of pile yarns brushed to provide a plush velvet surface 133, and a technical face 134 formed of backing yarns and stitching yarns. Either the backing yarns or the stitching yarns of the technical face 134 may be napped to form a fleece/velour 135. Alternatively, in some cases, some of the pile yarns overlay the stitch yarn at the technical face 135 and may be brushed or napped to form a fleece/velour 135 surface at the technical face 135. Additional details regarding the construction of a suitable double face warp knit fabric may be found, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 6,196,032, issued Mar. 6, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,199,410, issued Mar. 13, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,832,497, issued Dec. 21, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 6,837,078, issued Jan. 4, 2005; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,855,125, issued Jan. 5, 1999, the complete disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Suitable double face warp knit fabrics are commercially available, e.g., from Polartec, LLC, of Lawrence Mass., under the trademark BOUNDARY®.

Alternatively or additionally, the insulating-filler fabric layer 123 may be formed from a double face knit fabric having reverse plaited terry sinker loop knit construction. Referring to FIG. 20, the double face knit fabric with reverse plaited terry sinker loop knit construction 140 has a technical face 142 with a raised or napped surface 143, and a technical back 144 in which sinker loops are sheared to form a cut loop velvet surface 145. Additional details regarding the construction of a suitable double face knit fabric with reverse plaited terry sinker loop knit construction may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,131,419, issued Oct. 17, 2000, the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Referring to FIG. 21, the insulating-filler fabric layer 123 may also be formed from a single face fabric 150 that is constructed to include a technical face 152 with face yarn that is positioned generally perpendicular to stitching or backing yarn 154.

Alternatively, or additionally, the insulating-filler fabric layer 123 may be formed from a fabric having a sliver knit construction. The sliver knit construction can be formed by circular knitting coupled with the drawing-in of sliver of fibers to produce a pile like fabric. The sliver knit construction allows for the use of relatively coarse fiber (e.g., 5 dpf to 15 dpf). This relatively coarse fiber can provide for good resiliency and resistance to compression, and can generate very high pile (e.g., pile height of 3 inches to 4 inches). The sliver fabric of the insulating-filler fabric layer can be finished as a single face fabric with a raised surface at the technical back, or as a double face fabric with raised surfaces on both the technical back and the technical face. Generally, the sliver knit construction is prone to “shedding” and may exhibit undesirable aesthetic appearance (e.g., poor finish) when raised on the technical face. However, when incorporated as a filler layer, the aesthetic appearance of the raised technical face is less critical since the fabric is enclosed between the outer “shell” fabric layer 122 and the inner “shell-liner” fabric layer 121 (FIG. 18).

In some implementations, the insulating-filler fabric layer 123 may include elastomeric material for enhanced stretch and recovery. For example, the insulating-filler fabric layer 123 may include elastomeric yarns and/or fibers, e.g., incorporated in the backing or stitching yarns. In some examples, the insulating-filler fabric layer 123 has stretch without including elastomeric material.

The insulating-filler fabric layer 123 has a weight of about 1 ounce per square yard to about 12 ounces per square yard, has relatively high thickness (bulk) (e.g., a thickness of at least about 0.1 inch, e.g., about 0.1 inch to about 1.0 inch), and has high insulation per weight unit (e.g., about 0.2 clo/oz² to about 1.6 clo/oz²).

The insulating-filler fabric layer 123 may consist of a hydrophobic fabric, which, in case of water penetration through the outer fabric layer 122 (FIG. 18) will not be held or absorbed, and will be able to dry fast.

The inner and outer fabric layers 121, 122 (FIG. 18) can both be made of woven fabric. Alternatively, in some cases, the inner “shell-liner” fabric layer 121 and/or the outer “shell” fabric layer 122 may instead consist of a knit fabric, such as a knit fabric having a single jersey construction, a double knit construction, a warp knit construction, or a mesh construction. The respective fabrics of the inner and outer fabric layers 121, 122 may be formed of synthetic yarns and/or fibers, regenerated yarns and/or fibers, natural yarns and/or fiber, and combinations thereof.

In some cases, the inner fabric layer 121 and/or the outer fabric layer 122 can also include elastomeric material, such as elastomeric yarns and/or fibers incorporated in the construction of the respective fabrics, for enhanced stretch and recovery. The incorporation of elastomeric material in the inner and outer fabric layers 121, 122 can be particularly beneficial where the insulating-filler fabric layer 123 also has stretch, such that the inner fabric layer 121 and the outer fabric layer 122 can stretch and move with the insulating filler layer 123 for enhanced user comfort.

The moisture vapor transmission rate and the air permeability of the insulated composite fabric 120 can be controlled by the void or openness of the fabric or fabrics of the inner and/or outer fabric layers 121, 122. In some cases, for example, the control of the air permeability of the insulated composite fabric 120 can be achieved by controlling one or more parameters (e.g., yarn size, yarn count, and/or weave density (pick/fill)) of the fabric forming the inner “shell-liner” fabric layer 121 and/or the outer “shell” fabric layer 122. Alternatively, or additionally, the control of the air permeability of the insulated composite fabric 120 can be achieved by applying a coating or film lamination 124 (FIG. 18) to one or more surfaces of the inner fabric layer 121 and/or the outer fabric layer 122.

The respective fabrics of the inner and outer fabric layers 121, 122 can be selected to provide the insulated composite fabric 120 with air permeability within a range of about 1.0 ft³/ft²/min to about 300 ft³/ft²/min, according to ASTM D-737, under a pressure difference of ½ inch of water across the insulated composite fabric 120. Depending on the particular construction, the composite fabric 120 may be tailored toward different end uses. For example, the insulated composite fabric 120 can be constructed to provide cold weather insulation with relatively high air permeability. In this case, the respective fabrics of the inner and outer fabric layers 121, 122 can be selected to provide the insulated composite fabric 120 with an air permeability of about 100 ft³/ft²/min to about 300 ft³/ft²/min, according to ASTM D-737, under a pressure difference of ½ inch of water across the insulated composite fabric 120.

Alternatively, the insulated composite fabric 120 can be constructed to provide cold weather insulation with relatively low air permeability. In this case, the respective fabrics of the inner and outer fabric layers 121, 122 can be selected to provide the insulated composite fabric 120 with an air permeability of about 1 ft³/ft²/min to about 80 ft³/ft²/min, according to ASTM D-737, under a pressure difference of ½ inch of water across the insulated composite fabric 120. The complete disclosure of the test method ASTM D-737 is incorporated herein by reference.

In some cases, the inner fabric layer 121 can have relatively higher air permeability than the fabric of the outer fabric layer 122. Utilizing fabric with relatively higher air permeability for the inner fabric layer 121, which is disposed facing towards the user's body, can help to enhance vapor movement and vapor transmission away from the user's body to help prevent overheating. For example, the inner fabric layer 121 may have an air permeability of about 5 ft³/ft²/min to about 300 ft³/ft²/min, tested according to ASTM D-737, under a pressure difference of ½ inch of water across the inner fabric layer 21, and the outer fabric layer 122 may have an air permeability of about 1 ft³/ft²/min to about 100 ft³/ft²/min (e.g., about 1 ft³/ft²/min to about 30 ft³/ft²/min), tested according to ASTM D-737, under a pressure difference of ½ inch of water across the outer fabric layer 122.

In some implementations, the outer fabric layer 122 with controlled air permeability is rendered flame retardant by including inherent and/or treated flame resistant or flame retardant yarns and/or fibers and/or is woven with 100% polyester or nylon treated for flame retardant features.

EXAMPLES Example 1

In a unitary engineered thermal fabric, the height of the higher sinker loop pile is about 2.0 mm to about 5.0 mm, e.g. the relatively higher loop pile height is typically about 3.5 mm and can be about 5 mm to about 6 mm after raising, and the relatively lower sinker loop pile is about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm. Regions with relatively higher loop pile generate significantly higher bulk than regions with relatively lower loop pile and, as a result, provide higher insulation levels. Regions with no loop pile do not generate any bulk, and subsequently can have very high breatheablity to enhance cooling, e.g., cooling by heat of evaporation.

A thermal blanket can be made from this unitary engineered thermal fabric alone, or with additional inner and outer fabric layers, such as the inner and outer fabric layers 121, 122 of FIG. 18.

Example 2

In another engineered thermal fabric article that includes a unitary engineered thermal fabric, one sinker loop pile yarn is employed with a variety of no loop pile in predetermined patterns and contrasting density to create a large region of no loop pile, e.g., in the neck and armpit areas, for minimum insulation; a region of mixed pile and no loop pile in the abdominal area, for medium insulation; and a region of 100% loop pile in the chest area, for maximum insulation.

A thermal blanket can be made from this unitary engineered thermal fabric alone, or with additional inner and outer fabric layers, such as the inner and outer fabric layers 121, 122 of FIG. 18.

Example 3

Referring next to FIG. 22, another implementation of a unitary engineered thermal fabric is formed with a plaited construction in which two layers are knit simultaneously, with the layers being separate but integrally intertwined. The plaited knit construction 190 is formed in a single jersey knit or a double knit, with a synthetic yarn having fine dpf being employed to form the outer side layer 192 of the unitary engineered thermal fabric and yarn with relatively coarser dpf being employed to form the inner side layer 194, thereby to promote better water management and user comfort, i.e., by moving liquid sweat (arrows, S) from the inner layer to the outer layer, from where it will evaporate to the ambient environment.

The engineered first layer 194 of the unitary engineered thermal fabric 190, i.e. the inner surface disposed to face the user's skin is further enhanced. For example, the layer may include synthetic fibers, like polyester, treated chemically to render the fibers hydrophilic. Also, spandex may be added to the plaited knit construction to achieve better stretch recovery properties, as well as to obtain two-way stretch, i.e., lengthwise and widthwise. For example, in one implementation, a triple plaited jersey construction is employed, with spandex yarn plaited between an inner layer of coarse fibers of synthetic material treated chemically to render the fibers hydrophilic and an outer layer of natural fibers, such as wool or cotton. The knit fabric may also be formed with double knit or double plaited jersey construction.

The second (outer) layer 192 of the unitary engineered thermal fabric may be provided with anti-microbial properties, e.g. for minimizing undesirable body odors caused by heavy sweating, e.g. due to high exertion, by applying anti-microbial chemicals to the surface 196 of the fabric 190 or by forming the second (outer) fabric layer 192 with yarn having silver ions embedded in the fibers during the fiber/yarn extrusion process or applied to the surface of the fibers (e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,194,332 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,602,811, the complete disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference). Yarn employed in forming the first (inner) fabric layer 194 may include fibers containing ceramic particles, e.g. ZrC (zirconium carbide) in order to enhance body heat reflection from the skin, and to provide better thermal insulation (e.g. as described in the U.S. Pat. No. 7,217,456, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference).

A thermal blanket can be made from this unitary layer engineered thermal fabric alone, or with additional inner and outer fabric layers, such as the inner and outer fabric layers 121, 122 of FIG. 18.

Example 4

Unitary engineered thermal fabrics for use in thermal blankets may be formed using a suitable knitting system for providing two and/or three contrasting pile heights in one integrated knit construction, which can be finished as single face or double face.

For example, in a first system, sinker loops of contrasting pile height may be generated at different, predetermined regions with high loop (about 3.5 mm loop height and 5 to 6 mm after being raised), low loop and no loop. In second system, the loop yarn may be cut on the knitting machine, forming regions of high pile height (up to about 20 mm) and no pile. In each system, using circular knitting, a single type of yarn may be employed, or yarns of different characteristics, e.g. contrasting shrinkage, luster, cross section, count, etc., may be employed in different regions.

In the case of loops yarn, e.g. as in the first system, the loops may be left as is (without raising), or the highest loops may be cut (leaving the lower loop and no loop “as is”), or both loops may be napped, in which case both loops will generate velour after shearing at the same pile height, and only after tumbling will pile differentiation be apparent, with generation of shearling in the higher loop and small pebble in the lower loop.

In the case of contrasting yarns, as in the second system, differentiation in pile height between different regions will be based on the individual yarn characteristics, which will become apparent after exposure to thermal conditions.

Maximum knitting capability for creation of the discrete regions of contrasting characteristics may be provided by use of electronic sinker loop selection, which will generate different loop heights in the knit construction, and electronic needle selection, which will generate different knit constructions of the stitch yarn, such as 100% knit, knit-tuck, knit-welt, and knit-tuck-welt, with different aesthetics and contrasting air permeability performance in predetermined regions, with our without sinker loops.

Example 5

A unitary engineered thermal fabric is formed as described above with a pattern of one or more regions having a first pile height and one or more regions having no pile. The one or more regions of first pile height are formed with two different yarns of significantly different shrinkage performance. For example, the yarn having relatively high shrinkage is made of very fine micro fibers, e.g. 2/70/200 tx, and the yarn having relatively less or no shrinkage is made of relatively more coarse and longer fibers, e.g. 212/94 polyester yarn with ribbon shape. When exposed to heat, the fabric forms a textured surface without pattern, resembling animal hair, with long, coarse fibers (like guard hairs) extending upwards from among the short, fine fibers at the surface. This is almost a “pick and pick” construction, or can be termed “stitch and stitch” for knit construction.

A thermal blanket can be made from this unitary layer engineered thermal fabric alone, or with additional inner and outer fabric layers, such as the inner and outer fabric layers 121, 122 of FIG. 18.

Example 6

FIG. 23 illustrates one example of an insulated composite fabric 120′ with a light-duty construction and suitable for use in a thermal blanket. The fabric includes an inner fabric layer 121′, an outer fabric layer 122′, and an insulating-filler fabric layer 123′ enclosed therebetween. Both the inner fabric layer 121′ and the outer fabric layer 122′ consist of a knit fabric with mesh construction. The mesh construction of the inner and outer fabric layers 121′, 122′ has a plurality of openings 125. The insulating-filler fabric layer 123′ consists of a double face knit fabric (e.g., double face warp knit, double face knit with raised sinker terry loop construction, or double face sliver knit) having a weight of about 1 ounce per square yard to about 4 ounces per square yard, and a bulk (thickness) of about 0.1 inch to about 0.2 inch. The insulating-filler fabric layer 123′ is sewn (e.g., quilted) to one or both of the inner and outer fabric layers 121′, 122′. The light-duty insulated composite fabric 120′ provides insulation of about 0.8 clo/oz² to about 1.6 clo/oz².

Example 7

FIG. 24 illustrates an insulated composite fabric 120″ with a medium-duty construction and suitable for use in a thermal blanket. The medium-duty insulated composite fabric 120″ includes an inner fabric layer 121″ consisting of a knit fabric with mesh construction, an outer fabric layer 122″ consisting of a woven fabric, and an insulating-filler fabric layer 123″ enclosed therebetween. The insulating-filler fabric layer 123″ consists of a double face knit fabric (e.g., double face warp knit, double face knit with raised sinker terry loop construction, or double face sliver knit) having a weight of about 3 ounces per square yard to about 8 ounces per square yard, and a bulk (thickness) of about 0.15 inch to about 0.4 inch. The insulating-filler fabric layer 123″ is sewn (e.g., quilted) to one or both of the inner and outer fabric layers 121″, 122″. The medium-duty insulated composite fabric 120″ provides insulation of about 1.0 clo/oz² to about 1.8 clo/oz².

Example 8

FIG. 25, illustrates an insulated composite fabric 120′ with a heavy-duty construction and suitable for use in a thermal blanket. The heavy weight insulated composite fabric 120′″ includes an inner fabric layer 121′″, an outer fabric layer 122′, and an insulating-filler fabric layer 123′″ enclosed therebetween. In this heavy-duty construction, both the inner fabric layer 121′″ and the outer fabric layer 122′″ consist of a woven fabric. The insulating-filler fabric layer 123′″ consists of a double face knit fabric (e.g., double face warp knit, double face knit with raised sinker terry loop construction, or double face sliver knit) having a weight of about 4 ounces per square yard to about 12 ounces per square yard, and a bulk (thickness) of about 0.2 inch to about 1.0 inch. The insulating-filler fabric layer 123′″ is sewn (e.g., quilted) to one or both of the inner and outer fabric layers 121′″, 122′″. The heavy-duty insulated composite fabric 120′ provides insulation of about 1.0 clo/oz² to about 3.0 clo/oz².

Example 9

Two thermal blankets (A, B) were made and their thermal properties were measured using infra-red photography. First thermal blanket (A) was made of a stand-alone unitary engineered thermal fabric having double raised surfaces. Second thermal blanket (B) included the same unitary engineered thermal fabric as used in the first thermal blanket (A). However, the unitary engineered thermal fabric in the second thermal blanket (B) was covered by an outer fabric layer and an inner fabric layer, each formed of a light weight knit (e.g., about 3 oz/yard²). The first and second thermal blankets (A, B) were each placed over a thermal object held at a constant temperature of 104° C.

Referring to FIGS. 33A and 33B, after about 15 minutes, infra-red photos 900, 1000 of the first and second thermal blankets (A, B) over the thermal objects were taken. As shown in the photo 900, the unitary engineered thermal fabric provided relatively high thermal insulation within a region 910 and relatively low thermal insulation within another region 920. In other words, heat from the thermal object below the first thermal blanket (A) dissipated faster in the region 920 than in the region 910. The photo 1000 showed that the addition of the inner and outer fabric layers, each patterned similarly to the unitary engineered thermal fabric, did not substantially alter the thermal properties shown in photo 900. In particular, a region 910′ corresponding to the region 910 of the first thermal blanket (A) had relatively high thermal insulation and a region 920′ corresponding to the region 920 had relatively low thermal insulation. In addition, the inner and outer fabric layers in the second thermal blanket (B) did not substantially restrict desired heat dissipation of the unitary engineered thermal fabric. As shown in photos 900 and 1000, the corresponding regions 910, 910′ of the two thermal blankets (A, B) had similar temperatures (89.5° F. and 89.2° F.) and the corresponding regions 920, 920′ also had similar temperatures (92.5° F. and 91.5° F.). In other words, the heat dissipation rate in corresponding regions of the first and second thermal blankets (A, B) were substantially the same.

Other Embodiments

While certain embodiments have been described above, other embodiments are possible.

For example, an entire thermal blanket may be constructed from the unitary engineered thermal fabric or the insulated composite fabric, or, in some cases, a thermal blanket may be formed to include multiple unitary engineered thermal fabrics or multiple insulated composite fabrics, e.g., in different regions. In some implementations, a thermal blanket may include the unitary engineered thermal fabric(s) or insulated composite fabric(s) only in sections, e.g., the different regions of the blankets 300, 350 of FIGS. 3 and 4.

Referring to FIGS. 26 and 27, a first insulated composite fabric 430 and a second insulated composite fabric 450 can be joined together or with other fabrics by stitching at seams to form a thermal blanket. The first insulated composite fabric 430 includes a first inner fabric layer 431 that forms an inner surface of the thermal blanket to face towards the user's body, a first outer fabric layer 432 that forms an outer surface of the thermal blanket to face towards an external environment, and a first insulating-filler fabric layer 434 consisting of a textile fabric with a raised surface on at least one side of the fabric (a double face fabric is shown in FIG. 26). The first insulating-filler fabric layer 434 is enclosed between the first inner fabric layer 431 and the first outer fabric layer 432. The first insulated composite fabric 430 has an air permeability of about 1.0 ft³/ft²/min to about 80.0 ft³/ft²/min (e.g., about 4.0 ft³/ft²/min to about 20.0 ft³/ft²/min) tested according to ASTM D-737, under a pressure difference of ½ inch of water across the first insulated composite fabric 430.

The second insulated composite fabric 450 can be used to cover a different portion of a user's body than the first fabric portion 430, and, like the first insulated composite fabric 430, may also have a construction as described above with regard to FIG. 18. With reference to FIG. 27, the second insulated composite fabric 450 includes a second inner fabric layer 451, which forms an inner surface; a second outer fabric layer 452, which forms an outer surface; and a second insulating-filler fabric layer 454 consisting of a textile fabric with a raised surface on at least one side of the fabric. A single face fabric is shown in FIG. 27, however, the second insulating-filler fabric layer 454 may, alternatively, or additionally, include a double face fabric, e.g., a double face fabric with relatively lower thickness than the fabric of the first insulating-filler fabric layer 434. The second insulating-filler fabric layer 454 is enclosed between the second inner fabric layer 451 and the second outer fabric layer 452. The second insulated composite fabric 450 is constructed to have an air permeability that is different from, and relatively greater than, the air permeability of the first insulated composite fabric 430. The second insulated composite fabric 450 has an air permeability of about 5 ft³/ft²/min to about 300 ft³/ft²/min, tested according to ASTM D-737, under a pressure difference of ½ inch of water across the second insulated composite fabric 450.

Alternatively, or additionally, the first and second insulated composite fabrics 430, 450 can have contrasting stretch. For example, the first insulated composite fabric 430 may have relatively greater stretch (e.g., in the outer shell, the inner shell layer, and/or the insulting-filler) than the second insulated composite fabric 450.

In some cases, unitary engineered thermal fabrics can be used to form a thermal blanket. Each unitary engineered thermal fabric can consist of a plain textile fabric, e.g., a circular knit like single jersey (plaited or non-plaited), double knit, rib, warp knit, or woven with and/or without stretch. Or, as another alternative, the unitary thermal fabric may consist of a double face knit fabric having reverse plaited, terry sinker loop, and/or knit construction. Suitable fabrics for forming the unitary thermal fabrics are commercially, available, e.g., from Polartec, LLC, of Lawrence Mass., under the trademarks POWER STRETCH™ and BOUNDARY™.

In some cases, the unitary engineered thermal fabric for use in a thermal blanket may be incorporated into a laminate composite fabric with outer and inner fabric layers, and a barrier resistant to wind and liquid water, while providing water vapor transport through absorption-diffusion-desorption, including a hydrophilic barrier and/or adhesive layer adhered to the inner and/or outer fabric layer. Suitable laminate composite fabrics are commercially available, e.g., from Polartec, LLC, of Lawrence Mass., under the trademarks WINDBLOC® and POWER SHIELD®.

In some cases, enhancing the packability and/or compression (i.e., reducing the total volume of the insulated composite fabric) can be achieved by having voids or pile out regions (i.e., regions of no pile) in a predetermined pattern in the insulating-filler fabric layer. For example, FIG. 28 shows a raised surface knit fabric 460 having a first pile surface 462 that includes regions 464 of no pile interspersed among regions 466 of pile (e.g., pile having a height of at least about 2.0 mm). About 5% to about 70% of the surface area of the insulating-filler fabric can be covered by no pile regions.

As mentioned above, the raised surface knit fabric of the insulating filler layer may have a construction made on a warp knitting, double needle bar raschel machine, where the pile yarns are grouped in a predetermined pattern, and some predetermined sections have voids (no pile yarn). For example, FIG. 29A illustrates an embodiment of such a raised surface knit fabric 500 having a first pile surface 510 on the technical back that includes void regions 512 a (e.g., regions of no pile) interspersed between regions of pile 514 a. The fabric 500 also includes a second pile surface 520 (after being raised) on the technical face. As shown in FIG. 13A, the second pile surface 520 also includes void regions 512 b (e.g., regions of no pile) interspersed between regions of pile 514 b. When incorporated into an insulated composite fabric, such as described above, the pile yarn on the technical back and on the technical face (after raising) will keep the outer “shell” and the inner “shell-liner” fabric layers spaced apart, entrapping stagnant air, maximizing thermal insulation of the insulated composite fabric. The air entrapped between the shell and the shell-liner in the regions of no pile, will provide good thermal performance in static condition at very low air movement or wind.

In dynamic conditions (air flow or wind blowing onto the shell material having controlled air permeability), the thermal insulation in the void region may be reduced. However, the loss of thermal insulation can be reduced by providing relative lower fleece/velour (e.g. lower than the interconnecting pile) in the void regions 512 a, 512 b. This can be done by adding additional pile yarn 530 (preferably in fine dpf like micro fiber under 5.0 denier, e.g., under 1.0 denier or between 0.3 denier and 5.0 denier) without generating interconnecting pile, but which is held by the stitch and backing yarn along the technical face (FIG. 29) and/or along the technical back (FIG. 29D), and generating fleece/velour on the technical face upon raising the additional pile yarn 530 by napping (FIG. 29C) and/or generating fleece on the technical back upon raising the additional pile yarn 530 by napping (FIG. 29E). This lower fleece/velour (e.g. much lower than that formed by the interconnecting pile) in the void region, with improved tortuosity and reduced air movement (keeping entrapped air stagnate), serves to reduce thermal heat loss by convection.

While embodiments of insulating-filler fabrics have been described that include one or more raised surfaces, in some implementations, e.g., where relatively less insulation is needed, the insulating-filler fabric may instead have a regular knit construction (single or double face), which is finished on one side or both sides by brushing.

In some cases, the outer “shell” fabric layer, the inner “shell-liner” fabric layer, and/or the insulating-filler fabric layer may be formed of, and/or incorporate, flame-retardant materials (e.g., flame retardant fibers), or may be treated (e.g., chemically treated) to provide flame-retardance. In some implementations, the outer “shell” fabric layer is treated with durable water repellent (DWR), an abrasion resistant coating, camouflage, and/or infrared radiation reduction.

Although embodiments of insulated composite fabrics have been described in which an insulating-filler fabric layer is attached to one or both of an inner fabric layer and an outer fabric layer by sewing, in some cases, the insulating-filler fabric layer may be laminated to one or both of the inner fabric layer and the outer fabric layer. FIG. 30A illustrates an insulated composite fabric laminate 620. The insulated composite fabric laminate 620 includes an inner fabric layer 621, an outer fabric layer 622, and an insulating-filler fabric layer 623 enclosed therebetween. The insulating-filler fabric layer 623 consists of a double face knit fabric that is bonded to the inner fabric layer 621 and the outer fabric layer 622 with an adhesive 626. The adhesive can applied in a manner to substantially avoid further limiting the air permeability of the insulated composite fabric laminate 620. The adhesive can be applied, for example, in a dot coating pattern.

FIG. 30B illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the insulating-filler fabric layer 623 is laminated only to the inner fabric layer 621, and FIG. 30C illustrates another alternative embodiment in which the insulating filler fabric layer 623 is laminated only to the outer fabric layer 622.

FIG. 31A illustrates yet another example of an insulated composite fabric 720 suitable for use in thermal blankets. The insulated composite fabric 720 of FIG. 31A includes an outer “shell” fabric layer 722 and an inner, insulating fabric layer 721. The outer fabric layer 722 consists of a woven fabric. The insulating fabric layer 721 consists of a single face knit fabric (e.g., single face warp knit, single face knit with raised sinker terry loop construction, or single face sliver knit) having a raised surface 723 (pile or velour) and an opposite, smooth surface 724. The insulating fabric layer 721 is attached to the outer fabric layer 722 (e.g., by sewing (e.g., quilting in any pattern, sewing, tucking, ultrasound bonding, or tack stitching), lamination, anchoring by stitching along seams, or other physical anchoring like snapping, etc.) such that the raised surface 723 faces toward the outer fabric layer 722. The smooth surface 724 of the insulating fabric layer 721 forms an exposed surface of the insulated composite fabric 720. When incorporated in a thermal blanket, the smooth surface 724 of the insulating fabric layer 721 can be arranged to form an inner surface of the blanket to face towards the user's body.

Either or both of the insulating fabric layer 721 and the outer fabric layer 722 can have stretch in at least one direction. In some cases, for example, either or both of the insulating fabric layer 721 and the outer fabric layer 722 can include elastomeric material (e.g., spandex yarns and/or fibers) for enhanced stretch and shape recovery.

Referring still to FIG. 31A, the moisture vapor transmission rate and the air permeability of the insulated composite fabric 720 can be controlled by the void or openness of the fabric of the outer fabric layer 722. In some cases, for example, the control of the air permeability of the insulated composite fabric 720 can be achieved by controlling one or more parameters (e.g., yarn size, yarn count, and/or weave density (pick/fill)) of the fabric forming the outer fabric layer 722. Alternatively, or additionally, control of the air permeability of the insulated composite fabric 720 can be achieved by applying a coating or by film lamination to one or both surfaces of the outer fabric layer 722.

FIG. 31B illustrates yet another example of an insulated composite fabric 720′ suitable for use in a thermal blanket. The insulated composite fabric 720′ of FIG. 31B includes an outer “shell” fabric layer 722 and an inner, insulating fabric layer 721′. As illustrated in FIG. 31B, the insulating fabric layer 721′ consists of a double face knit fabric that is bonded to the outer fabric layer 722 with an adhesive 726 to form a fabric laminate. Alternatively, or additionally, the insulating fabric layer 721′ may be connected to the outer fabric layer by quilting (in any pattern), tucking, ultrasound bonding, etc.

Either or both of the insulating fabric layer 721′ and the outer fabric layer 722 can have stretch in at least one direction. The moisture vapor transmission rate and the air permeability of the insulated composite fabric 720′ can be controlled, e.g. as discussed above with regard to FIG. 31A.

In some cases, the insulated composite fabric for use in a thermal blanket may be provided with water resistant properties. For example, the outer “shell” fabric layer may have a very tight construction (e.g., a tight woven construction) and may be treated with durable water repellent (DWR). Alternatively, or additionally, the insulated composite fabric may be provided with a waterproof membrane (e.g., a breathable waterproof membrane). For example, FIG. 32 illustrates an embodiment of an insulated composite fabric 800 that consists of an inner “shell-liner” fabric layer 810, and an outer “shell” fabric layer 820, and an insulating-filler fabric layer 830 enclosed therebetween. In this example, a waterproof membrane 840 is laminated to an inner surface 822 of the outer “shell” fabric layer 820. The water barrier can be made of porous hydrophobic membrane, hydrophilic non-porous membrane, or electrospun material. Preferably, the insulating-filler fabric layer 830 is hydrophobic (e.g., formed of hydrophobic yarns/fibers), which, in case of water penetration through the outer fabric layer 820, the water will not be held or absorbed, and the fabric will be able to dry relatively quickly.

In some embodiments, a reversible blanket including an insulated composite fabric may also be provided. For example, the insulated composite fabric can be similar to that described above with reference to FIG. 18, consisting of a first fabric layer, a second fabric layer, and an insulating-filler fabric layer enclosed therebetween. The insulated composite fabric may be reversible, such that both the first fabric layer and the second fabric layer can optionally serve as either an outer “shell” fabric layer or an inner “shell-liner” fabric layer, which will allow the user to have a reversible insulated composite fabric (“technical down”). The first and second fabric layers may be made of fabrics of contrasting color and/or fabrics with contrasting patterns (e.g., camouflage) and/or fabrics with contrasting textures.

In some cases, the insulating-filler fabric layer, or the unitary engineered thermal fabric, may consist of a terry sinker loop (in reverse plaiting or regular plaiting) in which the terry loop is left un-raised. A relatively higher sinker (e.g., 2 to 9 mm) can be used to form the terry sinker loop. In this construction, the terry sinker loop may be provided in a predetermined pattern or design, while having other section(s) without the terry sinker loop (i.e. having voids), to reduce the total weight, as well as increasing the pliability and increasing the “packability” (e.g., by permitting easier folding). As mentioned above, the terry sinker loop can be made in regular plaiting construction, or in reverse plaiting construction. In the case of reverse plaiting constructions, the technical face (jersey side) may be finished, and the technical back may be left in a terry sinker loop (un-napped), or the terry sinker loop may be left on the technical back, without napping the technical face-jersey side (similar to regular plaited construction).

In some implementations, the insulating-filler fabric layer or the unitary engineered thermal fabric may be formed with plaited construction, e.g. plaited jersey or double knit construction, e.g. as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,194,322 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,312,667, the entire disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference, with a denier gradient, i.e. relatively finer dpf on the outer surface of the fabric and relatively more coarse dpf on the inner surface of the fabric, for better management of water (e.g. liquid sweat). In preferred implementations, one or more regions will be formed with full mesh, i.e. see-through holes, for maximum ventilation, and contrasting regions of full face plaited yarn for movement of moisture, with intermediate regions in other areas of the thermal blanket having relatively lesser concentrations of mesh openings, the regions being positioned to correlate with the ventilation requirements of the user's underlying body.

Although the term “blanket” is used throughout the disclosure, such a blanket can be understood to refer to other bedding components, such as linens, sheets, and others.

Other implementations of the disclosure are within the scope of the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A thermal blanket comprising: a unitary fabric element, the unitary fabric element having a multiplicity of predetermined discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities, the discrete regions being arranged based on insulative needs of corresponding regions of a user's body, at least two of the predetermined, discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities comprising in one or more first discrete regions of the unitary fabric element, loop yarn having a first pile height, and, in one or more other discrete regions of the unitary fabric element, loop yarn having another pile height different from and relatively greater than the first pile height; and the unitary fabric element comprising fibers having an axial core surrounded by a multiplicity of radially extending, axially-elongated whiskers, separated by axially-extending grooves.
 2. The thermal blanket of claim 1, wherein the fibers have a denier of about 0.3 dpf to about 10.0 dpf.
 3. The thermal blanket of claim 2, wherein the fibers have a denier of about 1.5 dpf to about 10.0 dpf.
 4. The thermal blanket of claim 1, wherein the whiskers have an average length of up to about 200% of a diameter of the core.
 5. The thermal blanket of claim 1, wherein at least some regions of the one or more first discrete regions and the one or more other discrete regions are formed of the fibers having the axial core surrounded by the multiplicity of radially extending, axially-elongated whiskers, separated by axially-extending grooves.
 6. The thermal blanket of claim 1, wherein the core comprises a polymer and the whiskers comprise another polymer, and wherein the polymer of the core and/or the polymer of the whiskers comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6 (PA 6), PA 66, or any of the combinations.
 7. The thermal blanket of claim 1, wherein the fibers have about 3 to about 200 whiskers within a cross-sectional surface of the fibers.
 8. The thermal blanket of claim 1, wherein the axially-extending grooves are nanogrooves or microgrooves.
 9. The thermal blanket of claim 1, wherein the whiskers have an average radial length of about 2 nm to about 10 microns.
 10. The thermal blanket of claim 1, wherein the unitary fabric element comprises a first surface region on a first surface and a second surface region on a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface region being smooth or raised, and the second surface region being raised, wherein the first surface region and the second surface region incorporate the fibers, and the fibers incorporated in the second surface have a denier relatively greater than the denier of said fibers incorporated in the first surface.
 11. The thermal blanket of claim 1, wherein the thermal blanket consists essentially of the unitary fabric element.
 12. A thermal blanket comprising: an inner fabric layer; an outer fabric layer; and an insulating fabric layer attached to the outer fabric layer, wherein the insulating fabric layer is a textile fabric having a raised surface facing towards the outer fabric layer, wherein the raised surface includes a plurality of first discrete regions having a first pile height interspersed among a plurality of other discrete regions having contrasting pile height relatively greater than the first pile height, and wherein the insulating fabric layer comprises fibers having an axial core surrounded by a multiplicity of radially extending, axially-elongated whiskers, separated by axially-extending grooves.
 13. The thermal blanket of claim 12, wherein the fibers have a denier of about 0.3 dpf to about 10.0 dpf.
 14. The thermal blanket of claim 13, wherein the fibers have a denier of about 1.5 dpf to about 10.0 dpf.
 15. The thermal blanket of claim 12, wherein the whiskers have an average length of up to about 200% of a diameter of the core.
 16. The thermal blanket of claim 12, wherein at least some of the first discrete regions and the other discrete regions are formed of the fibers having the axial core surrounded by the multiplicity of radially extending, axially-elongated whiskers, separated by axially-extending grooves.
 17. The thermal blanket of claim 12, wherein the core comprises a polymer and the whiskers comprise another polymer, and wherein the polymer of the core and/or the polymer of the whiskers comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6 (PA 6), PA 66, or any of the combinations.
 18. The thermal blanket of claim 12, wherein the fibers have about 3 to about 200 whiskers within a cross-sectional surface of the fibers.
 19. The thermal blanket of claim 12, wherein the axially-extending grooves are nanogrooves or microgrooves.
 20. The thermal blanket of claim 12, wherein the whiskers have an average radial length of about 2 nm to about 10 microns.
 21. A thermal blanket comprising: an inner fabric layer; an outer fabric layer; and a unitary fabric element between the inner fabric layer and the outer fabric layer, the unitary fabric element having a multiplicity of predetermined discrete regions of contrasting insulative capacities, the discrete regions being arranged based on insulative needs of corresponding regions of a user's body, and the unitary fabric layer comprising fibers having an axial core surrounded by a multiplicity of radially extending, axially-elongated whiskers, separated by axially-extending grooves.
 22. The thermal blanket of claim 21, wherein the fibers have a denier of about 0.3 dpf to about 10.0 dpf.
 23. The thermal blanket of claim 22, wherein the fibers have a denier of about 1.5 dpf to about 10.0 dpf.
 24. The thermal blanket of claim 21, wherein the whiskers have an average length of up to about 200% of a diameter of the core.
 25. The thermal blanket of claim 21, wherein at least some of the predetermined discrete regions are formed of the fibers having the axial core surrounded by the multiplicity of radially extending, axially-elongated whiskers, separated by axially-extending grooves.
 26. The thermal blanket of claim 21, wherein the core comprises a polymer and the whiskers comprise another polymer, and wherein the polymer of the core and/or the polymer of the whiskers comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6 (PA 6), PA 66, or any of the combinations.
 27. The thermal blanket of claim 21, wherein the fibers have about 3 to about 200 whiskers within a cross-sectional surface of the fibers.
 28. The thermal blanket of claim 21, wherein the axially-extending grooves are nanogrooves or microgrooves.
 29. The thermal blanket of claim 21, wherein the whiskers have an average radial length of about 2 nm to about 10 microns. 